We explore the spatiotemporal evolution of dispersion-induced pulse broadening in water. The Lorentz–Lorenz function is utilized to establish the relationship between the refractive index and the wavelength of the incident laser. Therefore, the dispersion coefficients are derived. Using the Schrödinger equation, we model the propagation of laser pulses over a 1-m optical length in water. Subsequently, the spatiotemporal evolution is obtained by the relationship between the spatial and temporal components of the light field. The results indicate that lasers with shorter central wavelengths and shorter pulse durations experience greater pulse broadening and significant bandwidth reduction. This methodology demonstrates the potential for enhancing underwater optical communication, representing a noteworthy advancement in both scientific research and practical applications.
Optical frequency standards based on trapped ions have made great progress over the past decades. In this paper, the design of the optical system for an optical atomic clock based on single 171-ytterbium ion at NIM is proposed. According to the requirements for ionization, cooling, repump, interrogation, and detection, the basic optical system design and frequency stabilization scheme are introduced.
In this paper, a new optical pumping method, redistributing the atom populations among the Zeeman magnetic sublevels of the ground state |F=3> is proposed as the state preparation process to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the atomic fountain clock with a larger atom population on the |F=3, mF=0>clock state. A preliminary experimental result of state preparation efficiency exceeding 60% is obtained on the NIM6 cesium (Cs) fountain clock.
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