Studying the reversible aggregation of red blood cells (RBC), which is one of the main factors determining the blood microcirculation is of importance for modern cardiology because the widespread application of different antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants in clinical practice may affect the blood rheology also via the alteration of RBC aggregation. Administration of the antiplatelet and anticoagulants agents into blood is based on general assumptions about the average doses of the drug, which often do not fully comply with the requirements of the personalized medicine. In this work, we compare the blood aggregation properties measured by laser aggegometry techniques in-vitro in blood samples with the properties of blood rheology measured with digital capillaroscopy in-vivo in the nail beds capillaries of patients suffering from the coronary heart disease (CHD). We demonstrate the impairment of these properties and high correlation of their alterations for patients suffering from the CHD with different stages of rheology disorders. Good agreement between the results obtained with the used diagnostic techniques, laser aggregometry, laser tweezers and digital capillaroscopy, and their applicability for the diagnostics of abnormalities of rheological properties of blood are demonstrated.
This study is aimed to define the extent of digital capillaroscopy possibilities for the quantification and estimation of microvascular abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
A total of 196 adult persons were enrolled in the study including the group of compensated T2DM (n = 52), decompensated diabetics (n = 68), and healthy volunteers (n = 76) with normal blood glucose and without signs of cardiovascular pathology.
All participants of the study were examined with the digital optical capillaroscope (“AET”, Russia). This instrument is equipped with an image-processing program allowing for quantifying the diameters of the arterial and venous segments of the capillaries and their ratio (coefficient of remodeling), perivascular zone size, capillary blood velocity, and the degree of arterial loops narrowing and the density of the capillary network. Also we estimated the relative amount of coil-shaped capillaries.
The study revealed significant difference in the capillary density and the remodeling coefficient in comparison of T2DM patients with non-diabetic individuals. Significant changes are found in the decompensated T2DM group compared to the compensated group of diabetic patients. Furthermore, the number of coil-shaped capillaries differed greatly in T2DM patients as compared to the healthy subjects. The study did not reveal any statistically significant differences in the capillary density between the patients with compensated and decompensated T2DM.
The digital optical capillaroscope equipped with the advanced image-processing algorithm opens up new possibilities for obtaining clinically important information on microvascular abnormalities in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus.
The study is aimed to determine the digital capillaroscopy possibilities in early diagnostics of an arterial hypertension. A total of 123 adult persons were examined in the study. The first group consisted of 40 patients with prehypertension (BP 130–139/85–89 mm Hg). The second group included 36 patients with 1-2 stage of hypertension (mean systolic BP 152.7±12 mm Hg). Patients in both groups did not receive regular drug therapy. The group of volunteers (n=47) included healthy adults without signs of cardiovascular pathology. The capillary circulation was examined on the nailbed using the optical digital capillaroscope developed by the company "AET", Russia. Diameters of the arterial and venous segments, perivascular zone size, capillary blood velocity, the degree of arterial loops narrowing and the density of the capillary network were estimated. In patients with arterial hypertension and even in patients with prehypertension remodeling and rarefaction of capillaries and the expressed narrowing their arterial loops were manifested. The results of the study revealed the presence of abnormalities of microcirculation parameters in patients of both groups. The capillaries density in both groups of patients was significantly lower than in healthy persons. The significant narrowing of arterial loops was revealed in patients with both arterial hypertension and prehypertension, in comparison with healthy volunteers. Capillary blood velocity did not differ significantly between healthy volunteers group and the group of prehypertensive patients. However in patients with hypertension this parameter was significantly lower in comparison with control group.
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