Single domain magneto-optical circulators in photonic crystals

Zheng Wang; Shanhui Fan

doi:10.1117/12.614007

12 September 2005 Single domain magneto-optical circulators in photonic crystals

Zheng Wang, Shanhui Fan

Proceedings Volume 5926, Tuning the Optical Response of Photonic Bandgap Structures II; 59260M (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.614007
Event: Optics and Photonics 2005, 2005, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

During the past decade, defect engineering in photonic crystals has successfully miniaturized many optical devices, such as optical filters and lasers, to a sub-wavelength scale. In the field of magneto-optics, previous researches on one-dimensional photonic crystals have demonstrated that magnetic cavities can be used to create Friday rotation in sub-wavelength optical paths, important for integrated optical isolators. In this paper, we study an optical circulator formed of a bismuth-iron-garnet defect infiltrated in a two dimensional silicon photonic crystal. The additional dimension of the field confinement allows further miniaturization and paves the way for monolithic in-plane integration with current integrated optical devices. The magneto-optical defect is constructed to support two doubly-degenerate TE modes and side-coupled to three photonic-crystal waveguides to form a three-port Y-junction circulator. When maximized with geometrically-optimized bismuth-iron-garnet domain, the gyrotropic effects cross couple the two modes and split them into a pair of counter-spinning states. We use the coupled-mode theory to derive the general criterion between the magneto-coupling and resonance decay constant for complete transmission and isolation. Numerical experiments with finite-difference time-domain methods confirmed the coupled mode theory and demonstrate a Y-junction circulator with an isolation ratio greater than 40dB. The design principle for this two dimensional photonic crystal defect can be readily transferred to magneto-optical defects in three dimensional slab photonic crystals. The silicon/air based system has a small footprint of one wavelength squared and good compatibility for integration with other planar optical devices.

Citation Download Citation

Zheng Wang and Shanhui Fan "Single domain magneto-optical circulators in photonic crystals", Proc. SPIE 5926, Tuning the Optical Response of Photonic Bandgap Structures II, 59260M (12 September 2005); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.614007

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KEYWORDS

Photonic crystals

Waveguides

Integrated optics

Magnetism

Resonators

Silicon

Finite-difference time-domain method

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