Surface Plasmon Polariton resonant sensors (SPPs) have found wide-ranging applications, particularly for nanoscale sensing. The SPP dispersion is determined by the properties of a limited number of suitable metals and cannot be arbitrarily tuned. The proposed gas sensor is based on surface plasmon polariton manipulated in the metamaterial surface. The plasmonic sensor utilizes a metal-air interface to detect and analyze various substances and phenomena in the mid-infrared range. The utilization of the Mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength range offers numerous benefits across a wide range of applications, including chemical and biological detection. This paper introduces a metasurface composed of highly doped silicon that demonstrates a plasmonic effect in the mid-infrared wavelength range. Silicon has several benefits, including compatibility with CMOS technology and easy manufacturing utilizing traditional silicon fabrication techniques. In addition, operating in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) range and using doped silicon material enables the development of integrated plasmonic devices at the microscale. In this paper, a meta surface plasmonic grating is proposed for sensing and detecting the refractive index changes. In order to test the performance of the plasmonic sensor, a commercial Lumerical software based on finite difference time domain (FDTD) has been used. The suggested design shows high sensitivity at λ = 13.9807 μm and it can be used for gas sensing applications.
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are characterized by their low cost, flexibility, compact size, and solution processing. OSCs are created utilizing a nontoxic technology that employs bulkhetrojunction (BHJ) structures. The photo conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs has been boasted in the last decades. BHJ fullerene-based OSCs have low open-circuit voltages and poor photo absorption. In this study, the recent non-fullerene acceptor (Y6), which has an electron-deficient core-based central fused ring, has been used. The promising PM6:Y6 material is used as an active layer in the proposed OSCs. The light trapping of the OSCs is enhanced by embedding plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) in one of its layers. This could be a long-term approach to collecting more light in the photoactive layer. Au and Ag NPs have been employed the most in plasmonic OSCs. They improve PCE due to their plasmonic properties, strong localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) in the visible region of the light spectrum, on-toxicity, and oxidation resistance, although Ag NPs are prone to oxidation. However, they have high costs and thermal instability. Alternative plasmonic materials such as refractory metals with high melting temperatures exceeding 2000°C and high thermal and chemical stability are employed in this work holding a comparative study between them.
Water salinity analysis is critical for water quality monitoring and evaluation in order to guarantee water safety. Unregulated salinity may be harmful to human health, crops, industry, and the ecosystem. The salinity levels in water sources are constantly changing as a result of natural and anthropogenic ecological change. Exceeding specific salt levels might endanger human health, particularly through drinkable water. In this work, we present a simulation of an optofluidic sensor to measure the water’s salinity. We built a design to measure the change in the refractive index in a microfluidic channel based on the dielectric grating. The generated design was modelled to alleviate the manufacturing process of the microfluidic sensor of the saline water. The design was optimized for the range of measurements of the refractive index of saline water by the selection of the material of the sensor.
Gas sensing is critical in the detection of hazardous gases in the environment as well as medical disorders. Today the world faces energy and climate challenges which increase the demand for sensors that can sense harmful emissions in surrounding environments and manage fuel exhausts from stationary plants and transportation. Metal-oxide, capacitance, and electrochemical-based gas sensors are among the various gas-detecting techniques. Among these sensing techniques, the optical method is particularly important since it is a quick, dependable, and extremely sensitive way of sens e. Therefore, this research is motivated by a desire to build a nano-optical gas sensor to meet the internet of things (IoT) needs, but on the condition that it is manufactured using CMOS technologies. The plasmonic nanoantenna on-Chip will be used as a gas sensor relying on the dielectric nanoparticles with high refractive index properties which demonstrate high electromagnetic mode coupled with significant localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) confined in a nanometric volume. The changing of the refractive index of the surrounding medium will exhibit a shift in the resonance wavelength or affect the peak of the field intensity. The nanoantenna proposed is composed of highly doped silicon and placed on a dielectric layer. We use several nanoantenna models to resonate in the mid-infrared spectrum, where each gas has its fingerprint. The numerical calculations were performed using the Lumerical commercial tool based on the 3D Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) approach.
The detection of environmentally harmful gases and medical conditions depends heavily on gas sensing. The optical approach for sensing is particularly important among traditional sensing techniques since it is a quick, dependable, and extremely sensitive manner of sensing. The traditional noble metals utilized for plasmonic resonances suffer from high radiative losses as well as fabrication challenges, such as shifting the resonance positions into the mid-infrared regions and compatibility with the existing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) manufacturing platform. In this study, we show that mid-infrared localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) can occur using thin SiO2 films. It is demonstrated that by simulating micrometer-sized antennas in a SiO2 chip, the mid-infrared LSPR can be further increased and spectrally extended to the mid-infrared spectrum. The optical gas sensor based on SiO2 is frequently used to detect a wide range of gases, including NH3 and O3. These gases often exhibit peak absorption in the infrared (IR) spectrum. Since SiO2 can also function as an infrared photodetector, we consider that our results will open the way for the direct integration of plasmonic sensors with the on-chip CMOS platform, considerably improving the prospect of the mass manufacture of high-performance plasmonic sensing systems. A silicon-dioxide nanoantenna is placed on a dielectric substrate to form the suggested nanoantenna. Different shapes and gap dimensions for resonant nanoantenna structures in the mid-infrared range are studied and numerically analyzed. The silicon-dioxide nanoantenna shows high localized field intensity in the midinfrared range.
Due to the high need for renewable energy on a worldwide scale, significant research ha s been done on how to use solar energy as a source of free and clean energy. The energy produced is mostly released as electromagnetic radiation with a spectral range of 0.2 to 3 m. New technologies are being developed to harvest this energy while overcoming the limitations of conventional PV devices. These new devices are called nano-antennas (rectenna). Nanoantennas are used to absorb electromagnetic wave radiation especially unused parts of solar radiation (IR region) and the thermal radiation from objects and convert it to electric current and vice versa. Here, a novel design of an "E"-shaped nano-antenna for energy harvesting is introduced and analyzed by using the three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The key issue in the design of an “E"-shaped nano-antenna for energy harvesting is based on the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) through the doped silicon arms of the E shape placed on an Al2O3 substrate to obtain wideband behavior in IR region. In this paper, doped silicon was used instead of noble metal as a plasmonic material with optical resonances in the infrared. The width and length of doped silicon arms are v aried to get the best performance. Doped nanocrystals (NCs) have received more attention lately because through doping the free carrier densities can be changed gradually and active tenability can be achieved.
Over a century ago, the study of blackbody radiation led to the development of quantum mechanics. A blackbody is a perfect absorber, absorbing all the electromagnetic light that illuminates it. There is no radiation passing through it, and none is reflected. Now, “bodies” with high absorption qualities are very important in many disciplines of research and technology. Perfect absorbers, for example, can be utilized as photodetectors, thermal pictures, microbolometers, an d thermal photovoltaic solar energy conversion. The Mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength spectrum has numerous advantages in a variety of applications. One of these uses is chemical and biological detection. In this paper, a metasurface mid -IR absorber based on the fractal technology of a doped silicon geometry resonator to realize wideband cross-fractal formation is introduced. The structure exhibits a broadband absorption within a wide range of IR wavelength spectrum extending from 3 to 9 μm. The structure was based on the Sierpinski carpet where different building blocks were simulated to reach the highest absorption. It is shown that light coupling over a broad wavelength range to the proposed fractal metamaterial absorber structure is due to multiple resonance mechanisms at different wavelengths. The propo sed structure is CMOS-compatible. Moreover, this proposed design opens the door to the development of new silicon -based absorbers for different applications such as energy harvesting and photodetection.
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