Quite extensive test sites are needed to provide remote sensing methods of the Earth with reliable information on the electrical characteristics of the surface layer and on their daily-seasonal changes. Observation is constantly made on them for the main indicators that determine the results of sensing. The paper discusses a set of tools using radiophysical and optical methods for long-term studies of the properties of the environment at the test station "Kaybasovo".
The concentration and temperature dependences of the imaginary part of the permittivity of water with conducting impurities are determined on the basis of mathematical modeling and experimental studies. It is shown that the values of permittivity imaginary part of water samples of thermokarst lakes calculated using the Stogrin formulas and measured are different. Experimental data on the permittivity of water bodies of the test area at the operating frequency of an aerospace vehicle in the temperature range is needed for interpretation of remote sensing results of the Earth.
The possibility of monitoring of thermokarst lake water volume of arctic and subarctic regions by remote sensing radiophysical methods is considered. The purpose of monitoring is to control global changes in the Earth's climate. Samples of natural water from water sources of the Tomsk region and the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region (test site is the village of Khanomyi) are studied. The measurements were carried out by a microwave instrument based on an irregular microstrip resonator and by a conductometer made according to the original scheme.
The results of measurements of the complex permittivity at the range of 100 MHz - 40 GHz and the conductivity of the water out of the reservoirs of Tomsk and Kemerovo regions and the Altai Territory are presented in the article. The method of the open-end-coaxial was applied. The conductivity was measured with LCR-meter at a frequency of 100 kHz. All the measurements were performed at temperatures of 10°C and 23°C. The samples are varied significantly in the values of conductivity, which is related to the geographical sampling place. Differences in permittivity values are greater at the low temperature and low frequencies and at the same time they are also significant at the high temperature and at high frequencies. The results of this study in order to improve the reliability of the analysis of the pollution degree and water salt content of natural water reservoirs should be taken into account the measurement made at wide frequency range.
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