In a real world application an image from a stabilized sensor on a moving platform will not be 100 percent stabilized. There will always be a small unknown error in the stabilization due to factors such as dynamic deformations in the structure between sensor and reference Inertial Navigation Unit, servo inaccuracies, etc. For a high resolution imaging sensor this stabilization error causes the image to move several pixels in unknown direction between frames. TO be able to detect and track small moving objects from such a sensor, this unknown movement of the sensor image must be estimated. An algorithm that searches for land contours in the image has been evaluated. The algorithm searches for high contrast points distributed over the whole image. As long as moving objects in the scene only cover a small area of the scene, most of the points are located on solid ground. By matching the list of points from frame to frame, the movement of the image due to stabilization errors can be estimated and compensated. The point list is searched for points with diverging movement from the estimated stabilization error. These points are then assumed to be located on moving objects. Points assumed to be located on moving objects are gradually exchanged with new points located in the same area. Most of the processing is performed on the list of points and not on the complete image. The algorithm is therefore very fast and well suited for real time implementation. The algorithm has been tested on images from an experimental IR scanner. Stabilization errors were added artificially to the image such that the output from the algorithm could be compared with the artificially added stabilization errors.
A high-performance IR sensor has been developed at the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (NDRE) as part of a test system for modern electro-optical fire control techniques. Diamond turned, aspheric optical elements and modern IRCCD detectors are used. Sensor output is available both as analog video and in digital form for connection to a digital image processor. Horizontal field of view is variable from 3.3 degree(s) to 60 degree(s) with a fixed spatial resolution of 0.2 mrad and a thermal resolution of better than 0.1 degree(s)K. The sensor is stabilized internally in roll and pitch.
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