Multispectral imaging has the capability to identify the state of objects based on their spectral characteristics. These are features not available with conventional color imaging based on metameric RGB (red, green and blue) colors alone. Current multispectral imaging systems use narrowband filters to capture the spectral content of a scene, which necessitates different filters to be designed and applied for each application. Previously, we demonstrated the concept of Fourier multispectral imaging using filters with sinusoidally varying transmittance [1, 2]. In this paper, we report to the design of a five channel, spatially multiplexed pixel filter array. This enables single-shot images and makes it possible to capture scenes containing moving objects.
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a polycrystalline thin film that reversibly changes from a semiconductor to a metallic state at 68°C, and has important applications in thermal detection and actuation as well as in reconfigurable photonic circuitry. In this work, we have produced VO2 thin films by oxygen ion-assisted electron-beam evaporation. Compared to prior work, the phase change temperature is as low as 54°C, which we believe arise due to the oxygen implantation from the ion-assisted process. The films were deposited on c-cut sapphire substrates, and their properties were measured using a four-point probe electrical sheet resistance measurement.
Silicon nanowires have unique optical effects, and have potential applications in photodetectors. They can exhibit simple optical effects such as anti-reflection, but can also produce quantum confined effects. In this work, we have fabricated silicon photodetectors, and then post-processed them by etching nanowires on the incident surface. These nanowires were produced by a wet-chemical etching process known as the metal-assisted-chemical etching, abbreviated as MACE. N-type silicon substrates were doped by thermal diffusion from a solid ceramic source, followed by etching, patterning and contact metallization. The detectors were first tested for functionality and optical performance. The nanowires were then made by depositing an ultra-thin film of gold below its percolation thickness to produce an interconnected porous film. This was then used as a template to etch high aspect ratio nanowires into the face of the detectors with a HF:H2O2 mixture.
Multispectral imaging beyond the three RGB colors still remains a challenge, especially in portable inexpensive systems. In this paper, we describe the design and fabrication of broadband multichroic filters that have a sinusoidal transmission spectra to utilize a novel methodology based on the Fourier spectral reconstruction in the frequency domain. Since the spectral filters are posed as an optimal sampling of hyperspectral images, they also allow for the reconstruction of the full spectrum from subsequent demosaicking algorithms. Unlike conventional Color Filter Arrays (CFA) which utilizes absorption dyes embedded in a polymeric material, the sinusoidal multichroic filters require an all-dielectric interference filter design. However, the goal of most dielectric filter designs is to achieve sharp transitions with high-contrast. A smoothly varying sinusoidal transition is more difficult with conventional approaches. However, this can be achieved by trading off the contrast. Following the principles of a simple Fabry-Perot cavity, we have designed and built interference filters from 0.5 sinusoidal periods to 3 sinusoidal periods from 450nm to 900nm spectral range. Also, in order to maintain a uniform period across the entire spectrum, the material must have a very low dispersion. In this design, we have used ZnS as the cavity material. The six filters have been used in a multispectral imaging test bed.
Ultrathin silver films (thickness below 10 nm) are of great interest as optical coatings on windows and plasmonic
devices. However, producing these films has been a continuing challenge because of their tendency to form clusters or
islands rather than smooth contiguous thin films. In this work we have studied the effect of Cu, Ge and ZnS as wetting
layers (1.0 nm) to achieve ultrasmooth thin silver films. The silver films (5 nm) were grown by RF sputter deposition on
silicon and glass substrates using a few monolayers of the different wetting materials. SEM imaging was used to
characterize the surface properties such as island formation and roughness. Also the optical properties were measured to
identify the optical impact of the different wetting layers. Finally, a multi-layer silver based structure is designed and
fabricated, and its performance is evaluated. The comparison between the samples with different wetting layers show
that the designs with wetting layers which have similar optical properties to silver produce the best overall performance.
In the absence of a wetting layer, the measured optical spectra show a significant departure from the model predictions,
which we attribute primarily to the formation of clusters.
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