The article considers a mathematical model of the operation of a device for measuring the optical characteristics of seawater. The model is based on the analysis of the reflection and transmission of light in the studied volume of a liquid medium for both a single and an infinite number of beam passes. The device provides high sensitivity, reliability and monitoring performance in automatic mode. The photoelectric method used to control the optical parameters of seawater can reduce the analysis time to a minimum while ensuring the necessary measurement accuracy. In the work, simple analytical estimates are obtained that allow measuring and evaluating transmission, reflection and absorption coefficients in seawater. The same technique can be used to determine the characteristics of other translucent liquid media in various industries, such as petroleum products, juices, vegetable oils, etc.
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