Target of underwater environments classification and distinguish using active sonar is very complex signal processing work, therefore, many research institutions in the world study the classification and recognition methods of underwater small targets using active sonar.The recognition methods of static underwater small targets can be roughly divided into imaging method and echo method. The imaging method is based on high-frequency narrow beam to obtain the acoustic image of the target and its shadow while suppressing the reverberation interference, so as to realize the classification and recognition of the target. Imaging sonar has high working frequency, limited sonar range, and can not effectively identify false targets with similar geometry. Bright spot model and resonance scattering theory are important theoretical basis of target echo method. The two theories agree that the echo is the result of the interaction between the incident signal and the underwater target, which must contain the characteristics of the target, so it is feasible to detect the target by analyzing the characteristics of the echo signal. However, in the actual underwater target detection process, due to the weak target echo signal, complex seabed environment and target geometry, uncertain sound propagation conditions and so on, the target recognition based on echo method still has great challenges.
The characteristic of far-field radiated noise of underwater vehicle is an important index to evaluate its stealth performance. Therefore, the level of radiated noise measurement technology has become a key factor affecting the ability of target acoustic recognition and stealth. This paper summarizes and analyzes the related progress of measurement technology of underwater vehicle radiated noise at home and abroad, including foreign PVLAMS, STAFAC measurement system, vector hydrophone measurement technology, civilian ship radiated noise test and standard, far-field estimation method based on actual measurement and model, etc. It provides a comprehensive reference conclusion for the research of radiated noise measurement technology and engineering practice.
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