Mr. Max Hartman Profile

Max Hartman

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Proceedings Article | 3 August 2021 Presentation + Paper

Measuring bacterial attachment forces

Catherine Herne, Carrie Smithing, Max Hartman, Megan Ferguson

Proceedings Volume 11798, 1179807 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594933

KEYWORDS: Bacteria, Optical tweezers, Atomic force microscopy, Glasses, Photodiodes, Objectives, Microscopes, Mirrors, Cameras

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Predatory bacteria are an exciting area of investigation with great promise. Their impressive ability to devour other bacteria make them ideal candidates for clearing pathogens from the environment, water supply, and even the body. However, scientists are still learning how these bacteria grow and consume their hosts. We are studying Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, one of these predatory bacteria. We have been investigating the process of B. bacteriovorus attaching to prey cells of Escherichia coli in order to learn how they identify their prey, latch onto it, and then burrow into it. Measurements using atomic force microscopy (AFM) at different times during these processes have been made. Optical tweezers offer an alternative to the AFM for making measurements and learning about the attachment processes of B. bacteriovorus. Bacteria such as E. coli (1 – 2 µm long) and B. bacteriovorus (0.50 - 1 µm long) are a material and size that is easy to trap. Fluid solutions are the ideal medium for optical trapping measurements, and so it is readily possible to examine the bacteria during the attachment process. To this end, we trap one B. bacteriovorus cell in a single trap and move it close to a surface coated with E. coli, then move it away from the surface after increasingly long periods of time. This work shows preliminary measurements of attachment forces of predatory bacteria to their prey and correlates these measurements with those taken with the AFM.

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