The advantages of shortwave infrared (SWIR, 900-1700 nm) imaging over NIR (650-900 nm) include reduced tissue optical aberrations, increased depth penetration along with improved resolution and contrast. Preclinical SWIR imaging has focused on system development and novel fluorophore development with a goal of targeted tumor resection for clinical translation. Clinical SWIR imaging has focused on indocyanine green (ICG) and the enhanced permeability and retention effect for resection with significant advantages. In this work we preclinically validate the pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP) conjugated to ICG (pHLIP ICG, currently in clinical trials) as a suitable cancer targeted fluorophore for cancer resection.
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