Resting EEG microstates reflect the spatiotemporal dynamics features of brain activity, correspond to different restingstate functional networks, and are associated with cognitive functions. This study investigated the relationship between eyes-closed resting-state EEG microstates and cognitive functions in healthy adults, using the LEMON dataset with 168 participants. Through T-AAHC clustering, we found that five microstate classes best represent adult resting-state EEG. Correlation and regression analyses, along with structural equation modeling, indicated significant associations between certain microstate metrics and cognitive functions. Notably, the mean duration of microstate A was positively correlated with cognitive flexibility and fluid intelligence, while its occurrence and coverage were also linked to cognitive flexibility. The occurrence of microstate B was positively correlated with crystallized intelligence. Specific transition probabilities between microstates C, D, and E are negatively correlated with crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence. In addition, all regression results were significant, and the structural equation models A and B were valid. Therefore, we propose that resting-state EEG microstates can predict individual cognitive functions.
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