The effect of PDT on ATP level in the Leukemic monocyte lymphoma cell line (U937) was studied using two different
photosensitizers, PpIX and Hypericin. U-937 cells were irradiated (with and without ALA) and stored at room
temperature. An LED lamp with a maximum peak of 637nm was used for ALA-PDT as a light source. A Na-Li lamp
with a wavelength region of 560-730nm was used for Hypericin-PDT as a light source. We measured cell viability, the
number of viable cells and ATP luminescence. As a result, it is evident that the irradiation time in the most effective PDT
is equal to the time of the highest ATP level in the cells in ALA-PDT. This study suggests that it is possible to obtain
suitable PDT conditions inducing apoptosis by measuring the ATP level in ALA-PDT. On the other hand, ATP level in
Hypericin-PDT was increased with the decreasing in the cell viability. Hypericin-PDT induced apoptosis just after
irradiation.
Rapid prototyping (RP) apparatus accepts a specific format translated from CAD data (patient's CT) and "slices" it into two-dimensional cross sections for laser photo curing. Surgeon can conduct safer surgery by reappearing on an actual model using 3D plastic replica in the preoperative. Polishing has to be used to eliminate the marks after removal of supports and the build layer pitches. Complicated and narrow areas of the 3D replica are difficult to be polished with the conventional grinding stone.
This study proposes a novel grinding stone and introduces its producing process and characteristics. The novel grinding stone has many advantages as follows; (1) Preparation is possible of grinding stone that follows the complicated shape. (2) Grinding stone with uniformly dispersed abrasive grains can be prepared using magnetic particles and magnetic field. (3) Reshaping of grinding stone by heating is possible since the binder is made of a thermoplastic resin. (4) Every process can easily be carried out. We could polish to eliminate the marks after removal of supports and the build layer pitches on 3D plastic replica surface with the grinding stone.
Generation of radical species in hexyl-5-aminolevulinate (h-ALA)- based photodynamic therapy (PDT) was determined in terms of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy with N-tert-buthyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) as a spin trapping agent. Hexyl-5-aminolevulinate and PBN were administered into murine thymic lymphoma (EL-4) cells, and the ESR spectra of the EL-4 cell dispersions were measured with irradiating light (400-410 nm). There were no ESR signals in the EL-4 dispersion without the irradiation. At 30 min light irradiation we found the specific ESR signals, of which the intensity increased with an irradiation time. The ESR spectra of EL-4 cell dispersion with only PBN (without h-ALA) and of the culture medium with h-ALA and PBN were determined with the same method. The ESR signals in the both systems was similar to that in the system of EL-4 cell dispersion with h-ALA and PBN. Nevertheless, the signal intensity of the ESR signals in the formers was obviously lower than that in the latter. There results indicate, therefore, that some radical species occur in the cell dispersion by h-ALA-based PDT. In addition, the generation of radical species is considered to be related to the release of singlet oxygen by irradiating the light.
Flexible plastic film-based electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated by low-temperature processes based on electrophoretic deposition techniques combined with post chemical necking treatments of TiO2 layers. The film-type dye-sensitized photocell achieved solar conversion efficiency of more than 3%. A scheme for roll-to-roll manufacturing system based on the techniques is proposed.
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