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Patrick Maynord

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Proceedings Article | 27 March 2024 Paper

Identification of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis using a noninvasive optical and thermographic imaging method

Kaelyn Fann, Caroline Sims, Dustin Hipp, Isaura Diaz, Patrick O'Neal Maynord, Justin Baba

Proceedings Volume 12850, 1285002 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3001592

KEYWORDS: Thermography, Body temperature, Abdomen, Diagnostics, Point-of-care devices, Infrared cameras, Image segmentation, Tablets, Optical imaging

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a gastrointestinal disease that affects 2% to 5% of premature infants and is responsible for almost 8% of all neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions. NEC is caused by inflammation of the intestine, leading to an invasion of bacteria that can cause necrosis of the colon and intestine. Patients with NEC can suffer from a wide range of symptoms such as apnea, diarrhea and bloody stools, unstable body temperature, trouble feeding, discoloration of the abdominal region, and a swollen abdominal region. These symptoms of NEC often coincide with other gastrointestinal diseases, meaning that it can be difficult to definitively diagnose NEC without the use of radiographic imaging. Current diagnostic procedures utilize Bell’s staging system, which many believe is unreliable and inefficient practice. The progression of NEC occurs quickly and results in a mortality rate as high as 50%, yet the mortality rate can still increase when emergency surgical procedures are performed for more severe cases. Previous studies motivate our development of a noninvasive sensing and monitoring method that can be used in real-time. The proposed method utilizes both optical and thermal images to detect temperature differences in upper (thorax) and lower (abdomen) regions as an early indicator for NEC. We report on promising preliminary data from early studies at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital, under an approved IRB, investigating point-of-care NICU image-based thermographic trends of neonates at risk for NEC.

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