Unspecified Raul Sandoval Profile

Raul Sandoval

at Tarleton State Univ

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Publications (1)

Proceedings Article | 9 May 2024 Presentation + Paper

Monitoring and control of crack propagation of flexural SMA-fiber reinforced concrete members

Abolghassem Zabihollah, Rajesh Vuddandam, Raul Sandoval

Proceedings Volume 12946, 129461S (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3010057

KEYWORDS: Shape memory alloys, Fiber Bragg gratings, Sensors, Deformation, Fiber reinforced polymers, Fiber optics sensors, Structural health monitoring

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This paper introduces an innovative approach featuring a reinforced concrete beam that combines smart Fiber Reinforced Concrete beam integrated with Shape Memory Alloys (SMA-FRC) and Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors. Embedded FBGs serve as strain sensors for real-time structural monitoring while the SMA wires serve as integrated actuators to recover the excessive deflective and ensure the safety of the structure. The primary objective of the study is to assess the structural integrity and reliability of the SMA-FRC beam, particularly in terms of crack detection and crack width estimation. The remarkable properties of shape memory alloy wires, encompassing shape memory effect (SME) and superelasticity effect (SE), play a pivotal role in the system's performance and functionality. The SME and SE properties empower the beam to autonomously recover its deformation and effectively reduce crack width. Real-time measurements of strain, stress, and crack width are continuously collected by an integrated processing unit, providing valuable insights into the beam's reliability, and generating risk assessment reports. Upon detecting excessive strain and thus crack width by Embedded FBG sensors, the SMA wires will be activated to recover the excessive deformation. For low induced strain, the strain recovery will be performed using SE, while for high strain, the SME will be activated by induing electric energy. To assess crack development and propagation within the beams, a combination of ACI codes and analytical modelling techniques have been utilized. Additionally, regression methods are applied in conjunction with beam theories to derive continuous deflection profiles based on the optical signals of the FBG sensors. A proof-of-the-concept experimental test has been conducted to illustrate the performance and functionality of the smart SMA-FRC beam in crack monitoring and control. The research outcomes demonstrate that the incorporation of FBG sensors is an efficient means of crack and strain detection for FRC beams. Furthermore, the embedded SMA wires potentially enhances structural integrity and extends the service life of the beam by substantially reducing crack formation.

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