Bulk single-crystal potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) is a nonlinear optical material mainly used in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) facility. Since bulk single-crystal KDP is fragile, various defects usually appear in the surface layer, for example, laser-induced, cutting-induced, polishing-induced and dissolution-induced defects. In present work, the x-ray grazing incidence diffraction technique (GIXRD) is introduced to investigate the structure of these defects. The GIXRD method is proved to be a nondestructive and effective way for bulk single-crystal KDP defect characterization. Based on this method, it is found that the cutting-induced defect is a polycrystalline KDP layer, while the polishing-induced defect is a heterostructure layer. Meanwhile, the dissolution-induced defect, after atmosphere dissolution and accelerate dissolution, is an amorphous layer and a KDP recrystallized layer, respectively. In addition, the depth of these defect layers can be evaluated by the GIXRD methods.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) is the irreplaceable nonlinear single crystal as optical frequency conversion and electro-optical switch in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) laser system. Based on the water solubility characteristics of KDP crystal, we propose an abrasive-free jet polishing (AFJP) method for KDP crystal with the purpose of improving surface quality without the embedding of particles. According to the AFJP experimental results, the jet spot generated by AFJP is of an approximately Gaussian shape. The feasibility of this approach has been studied through spot experiments. And the material removal mechanisms can be divided into contact removal and slipping removal.
One of the important factors that affect the polishing results is the motion modes of the polishing pad in the process of Computer Controlled Optical Surfacing (CCOS). This paper presents a systematic study for the motion modes in CCOS by using a polishing pad. A series of theoretical and experimental studies have been undertaken to investigate the influences of two typical motion modes, called planet motion and orbital motion, on the polished surface, regarding to material removal rate (MRR), middle-spatial-frequency errors, surface roughness, etc. Firstly, the theoretical removal function of the two motion modes was established, and the experiments were carried out by given polishing parameters. A comparison was made between the results of experiments and simulations by the established polishing model. Then, the effects of the mentioned two motion modes on middle-spatial-frequency errors were simulated by the numerical superposition method, and the results were also verified by actual polishing results. Finally, the surface roughness generated by the two different motion modes was examined and compared. The research work shows that the planet motion has higher material removal rate, lower middle-spatial-frequency errors and lower surface roughness, by compared with orbital motion mode, which is helpful for optimizing the polishing strategy during CCOS.
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