The non-invasive detection of blood glucose with the photoacoustic technique has attracted many attentions in the world. To study the effects of multiple factors on the photoacoustic detection of glucose, a Nd: YAG 532nm pumped optical parameters oscillator (OPO) pulsed laser induced photoacoustic detection system were established in this paper. The lateral model was used to capture the photoacoustic signals of glucose by using the ultrasonic transducer. In the system, several components about the effects of the influence factors were considered and designed. In the experiments of glucose aqueous solutions, the photoacoustic experiments about four different influence factors, i.e., concentrations, temperatures, laser energies and flow velocities were performed. Not only the relationships between each factor and the photoacoustic detection of glucose were built, but also the coupled relationship model between the multiple factors on the concentration of glucose was also established by using the partial least square algorithm. Results show that the photoacoustic peak-to-peak value of glucose linearly increases with the glucose’s concentration, laser’s energy and temperature, but decreases with the increasing of flow velocity. Moreover, the glucose concentration prediction accuracy is improved with the increasing of laser’s energy. At the same time, it was found that the influences of glucose concentration and laser energy on the photoacoustic detection of glucose are larger than that of the temperature and flow velocity. Finally, the concentration prediction model of coupled several factors has good prediction effect.
In this paper, to study the effect of multiple factors on the photoacoustic detection of glucose, a Nd: YAG 532nm pumped optical parameters oscillator (OPO) pulsed laser induced photoacoustic detection system were established. The lateral model was used to capture the photoacoustic signals of glucose by using the ultrasonic transducer. The photoacoustic signals were averaged in 512 times. In the experiments, the photoacoustic experiments of different concentrations, temperatures, laser energies and flow velocities for glucose aqueous solutions were performed. Meanwhile, the effects of concentration, temperature, energy, flow velocity on the photoacoustic detection of glucose were investigated. Not only the relationships between the each factor and the photoacoustic detection of glucose were built, but also the coupled relationship between the multiple factors on the photoacoustic detection of glucose was also established by using the artificial neural network. In the artificial neural network, three levels neural network includes four input parameters and one output target was used. Prediction results show that the coupled relationship can better present the practical condition of glucose detection, which can offer the potential research value for the photoacoustic detection of diabetes mellitus.
In this work, to further find the characteristic wavelengths of glucose, the photoacoustic experiments of glucose aqueous solutions were performed by using the photoacoustic technique. The photoacoustic detection system was established by the Q switched Nd: YAG OPO pulsed laser and ultrasonic detector with central frequency of 20MHz. The photoacoustic signals of samples were averaged with 512 times. Baed on the established photoacoustic detection system, the time-resolved photoacoustic signals of glucose with different concentrations at the different wavelengths were captured by the digital oscilloscope, and compared with that of the pure water. In order to get the characteristic wavelengths of glucose, the photoacoustic peak-to-peak values of glucose with different concentrations at the wavelength from 1350nm to 2100nm were obtained, and the difference spectral was gotten by using the difference method between the glucose solutions and pure water. Moreover, the first order derivation method was also used. The wavelength of 1650nm and 1850nm was chosen as the characteristic wavelengths of glucose. The linear fitting equation was established to verify the availability of two characteristic wavelengths. The average prediction error results showed that the choosing of the characteristic wavelength of 1650nm and 1850nm is available.
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