KEYWORDS: Biofilms, Ions, Matrices, Ion irradiation, Bacteria, Transmission electron microscopy, Tolerancing, Temperature metrology, Resistance, Polymers
Biofilms often persist in wounds because the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) can protect embedded bacteria against host phagocytes. Treatment options for wound biofilms are limited due to antibiotic resistance and tolerance. Wound debridement remains a routine practice to disrupt the resilient biofilms by mechanical forces, but it is painful and must be done by well-trained professionals. Blue-light (BL) treatment represents a rising alternative for managing wound infections because it can directly inactivate a number of bacterial species and prevent biofilm formation. However, established biofilms remain recalcitrant to BL-mediated eradication. To enhance BL’s efficacy on mature biofilms, we investigated whether BL could directly and sufficiently disassemble the extracellular matrix when combined with other elements.
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