Perovskite solar cells are ideal candidates for tandem solar cell technologies thanks to their bandgap tunability and high efficiency, but their stability needs to be improved for commercial applications. The operational stability of encapsulated PSCs with wide bandgaps suitable for regular and bifacial tandems was tested with 1-sun illumination and at different temperatures. For all temperatures, the decay in performance is due to a drop in current at MPP conditions, and XRD shows perovskite decomposition. Interestingly, open-circuit-voltage-decay measurements reveal a higher ion concentration for the degraded device, which correlates with the drop in current.
We report a new molecular-level interface engineering strategy using a multifunctional ligand that augments long-term operational and thermal stability by chemically modifying the formamidinium lead iodide rich photoactive layer. The surface derivatized solar cells exhibited high operational stability (maximum powering point tracking at 1 sun) with a stabilized T80 (the time over which the device efficiency reduces to 80% of its initial value of post-burn-in) of ≈5950 h at 40 ºC and stabilized efficiency over 23%. The origin of high device stability and performance is correlated to the nano/sub-nanoscale molecular level interactions between ligand and perovskite layer, which is corroborated by comprehensive multiscale characterization. Chemical analysis of the aged devices showed that interface passivation inhibited ion migration and prevented photoinduced I2 release that irreversibly degrades the perovskite.
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