Abstract: Ethernet is the most important Local Area Network (LAN) technology since more than 90% data traffic in access layer is carried on Ethernet. From 10M to 10G, the improving Ethernet technology can be not only used in LAN, but also a good choice for MAN even WAN. MAN are always constructed in ring topology because the ring network could provide resilient path protection by using less resource (fibre or cable) than other network topologies. In layer 2 data networks, spanning tree protocol (STP) is always used to protect transmit link and preventing the formation of logic loop in networks. However, STP cannot guarantee the efficiency of service convergence when link fault happened. In fact, convergent time of networks with STP is about several minutes. Though Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) and Multi-Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) improve the STP technology, they still need a couple of seconds to achieve convergence, and can not provide sub-50ms protection switching.
This paper presents a novel rapid ring protection method (RRPM) for carrier Ethernet. Unlike other link-fault detection method, it adopts distributed algorithm to detect link fault rapidly (sub-50ms). When networks restore from link fault, it can revert to the original working state. RRPM can provide single ring protection and interconnected ring protection without the formation of super loop. In normal operation, the master node blocks the secondary port for all non-RRPM Ethernet frames belonging to the given RRPM Ring, thereby avoiding a loop in the ring. When link fault happens, the node on which the failure happens moves from the "ring normal" state to the "ring fault" state. It also sends "link down" frame immediately to other nodes and blocks broken port and flushes its forwarding database. Those who receive "link down" frame will flush forwarding database and master node should unblock its secondary port. When the failure restores, the whole ring will revert to the normal state. That is block secondary port on master node for loop avoidance. Ethernet rings may be interconnected through dual nodes with a shared link. In this case, we should fix that which ring on the share link is ctrl-ring, and only ctrl-ring can deal with the failure happens on the share link.
Carrier Ethernet is an alternative for traditional MAN technologies. Ethernet ring network which can make CE more reliable is one of the hottest topics in recently years. RRPM can provide protection switching in sub-50ms and process link fault on single ring and interconnected rings.
One of the critical challenges facing the carriers today is to increase the revenue of services. As the expansion of deployment of packet based bearer networks in the MAN, network resilience becomes a significant contributor to revenue and profit. In this paper, we propose a revenue-based quality of protection (QoP) for capacity design model to provide various protection classes in the multiple services ring (MSR) networks. Based on this model, this paper provides an Enhanced Greedy Algorithm (EGA) to solve revenue-based bandwidth allocation (RBA) problems. All experimental results on the test bed show that EGA is efficient and applicable for embedded systems.
KEYWORDS: Signal processing, Time division multiplexing, Process control, Video, Device simulation, Switches, Performance modeling, Power supplies, Interfaces, Standards development
Multiple services ring (MSR) has been standardized in ITU-T numbered as X.87. As a novel multi-service provisioning method based on RPR, MSR proposes an effective mechanism of transporting various voice, data, video services with tributary multicast, protection and performance monitoring functions. In this paper we present the layered model of a MSR and introduce the main enhancements based on RPR. Then we propose a novel Parallelized Processing Mechanism (PPM) for design of MSR using network processor. Our design adopts a combination of layered parallelism and functional parallelism. And this paper also describes the simulation model for performance evaluation with OPNET as well as the implementation of MSR using network processor. System simulations and field trial measurements show that TDM Circuit Emulation (TCE) services and Ethernet services are given the QoS and fast recovery guarantee based on MSR.
KEYWORDS: Process control, Plutonium, Control systems, Signal processing, Data processing, Switches, Network architectures, Databases, Computer architecture, Internet
This paper proposes a novel parallelized architecture for control protocols in high-performance routers (HPRs). Unlike traditional centralized manner, this approach distributes the functionality of control plane protocols within a router and achieves scalability by selectively off-loading certain link-layer and interface operations to data plane processing components. This paper presents the design and implementation of this method on a 320Gbps distributed router. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme can yield better performance and faster response than the centralized approach.
Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) has been standardized in the IEEE 802.17 working group. In multi-ring networks, similarly with other ring-based technology, intra-ring traffic demand is protected against single node and span failures within 50 ms by the "steering" and "wrapping" protection. Inter-ring traffic demand, however, is susceptible to failures at nodes or links where the traffic demand transits from one ring to another. Normally, the survivability of interconnecting node or link failure has to be provided by other technologies, such as MPLS and Spanning Tree Protocol. Unfortunately, most schemes cannot provide a cost-effective solution with guaranteeing the restoration within the 50 ms timeframe. In this paper we proposed a cost-effective and fast Recovery Mechanism for Multi-ring Interconnection Networks Based on RPR. Differential from Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and other protection technologies, this mechanism has the ability of sub-50ms protection provisioning and scalability based on the bridging function in RPR. Particular with enhanced bridging support, this mechanism can provide efficient bandwidth spatial reuse on multi-ring RPR networks. The proposed novel mechanism has been implemented on our 10Gbps network processor (NP) based multi-service provisioning platform. All experimental results presented in this paper come from actual testing on the network test bed and show that the all the inter-ring traffic are given the sub-50ms recovery guarantee as intra-ring traffic in normal case.
This paper presents an extensible routing software platform called EROS (Extensible Routing Operation System), which is a modularized and layered system. EROS innovatively utilizes Data Forwarding Adaptation Layer to hide concrete hardware forwarding details and thus can be used in different network processor unit (NPU) based systems. This paper describes the architecture design of EROS and introduces some of the implementing issues. The experiments on two different NPU-based distributed routers illustrate that EROS is logically independent from specific hardware platforms and could deliver excellent forwarding performance without any isolation on the protocol conformability.
KEYWORDS: Switching, Pulmonary function tests, Process control, Switches, Internet, Fermium, Frequency modulation, Networks, Network architectures, Line edge roughness
This paper presents a novel Policy-based Flow Switching (PFS) method used in packet networks. Unlike traditional per-packet forwarding method, PFS only performs extensive processing on the first packet of a flow, associates this flow with a policy and applies the result of this processing on subsequent packets in the flow. Thus, PFS has the capability of flexible services offering and can significantly improve data forwarding rate, without introducing any complex signals. In this paper, we present the architecture overview of PFS and introduce some of the implementation issues. Besides, this paper also demonstrates how PFS is implemented on a 128Gbps NPU-based high-end router.
KEYWORDS: Control systems, Mobile robots, Magnetic tracking, Magnetism, Kinematics, Actuators, Optical spheres, Feedback control, Device simulation, Systems modeling
This paper presents a time-varying feedback controller for stabilization of tracked mobile robot. Considering its nonholonomic property, we first transform the TMR kinematics into a advantageous model. Then the principle of exponential stabilization is discussed using a Lyapunov-type argument. The back-stepping technique is applied to obtain a global exponential regulator for the TMR model and simulation results are given.
KEYWORDS: Mobile robots, Device simulation, Kinematics, Control systems, Feedback control, Magnetism, Motion models, Motion controllers, Direct methods, Magnetic tracking
This paper addresses the tracking problem of tracked mobile robot. After the kinematic model of the nonholonomic system has been discussed, a robust motion controller based on backstepping technique is proposed for the TMR. Some singular perturbations, which maybe occur in practical situations, are also taken into account in order to ensure the tracking error of the closed-loop system to converge toward zero. Simulation results are provided to validate that the proposed controller ensure the TMR asymptotically track the desire trajectory.
At present, spherical tank manufacture is still staying at the level of manual welding or semi-automation. In order to improve quality of weld seam and guarantee safe operating of spherical tank, automatic welding equipment is needed urgently. A intelligent wheeled mobile robot equipped with CCD based visual sensor has been developed to acquire better weld quality in this research. Special mechanical structure has been proposed based a wheeled mobile robot body to realize reliably and flexibly absorbing and moving on the surface of spherical tank. A 3-DOF welding manipulator has been fixed on the robot to carry out welding tasks. A CCD sensor has been used to detect weld seam for the trajectory planing of both the mobile robot and the welding torch, control strategy for nonholonomic system with redundant DOF has been put forward to realize the accurate tracing of weld torch, an intelligent controller has been designed. In this paper, mechanical structure of robot, principle of CCD sensor, tracing model for robot and welding torch, and intelligent controller have been presented in details respectively. Experiments show that this robot can fulfill all-position welding tasks freely on the surface of tank with high weld torch tracing accuracy(up to +/- 0.5mm).
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